Feed evaluation provides essential information’s to animal nutritionists for better feed formulation on the basis of physiological and economical view of point to improve animal performance. There are various feed evaluation method at present time and In situ technique (nylon bag or in sacco method) is commonly used in this way. In this study, ruminal degradability of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and ADF was measured. Four different oil seed meals consist of canola meal, cotton seed meal, soybean meal and sunflower meal was studied using in situ method. Results of this experiment indicated that degradability (a+b) and effective degradation (EP) in soybean meal, canola meal and cotton seed meal produced in Behpak oil plant was (98.5, 98.7 and 56.8%) and (55.8, 62.0 and 48.3%) and for soybean meal, canola meal and sunflower meal produced in kesht-o-sanat oil plant was (81.7, 90.1 and 90.5%) and (47.1, 52.5 and 45.2%) respectively.

This study was accomplished in order to evaluate the of composite basing technique (CB.T) on fracture resistance of the teeth restored with porcelain inlays (invitro). Forty sound human maxillary first premolars were divided into 4 groups. Each group included 10 teeth. samples prepared in the following manner: group 1 :prepared and restored without CB.T group 2:prepared but unrestored without C B.T group 3 :prepared and restored with CB.T group 4:prepared but unrestored with CB.T for all groups Instron universal machine were used under compressive load. 1- no significant difference were observed in fracture resistance and fracture mode between teeth that restored (group 1 &3). 2- no significant difference were seen in fracture resistance and fracture mode between unrestored teeth ( group 2&4 ). 3- significant difference were seen in fracture resistance between restored teeth (group 1&3)and prepared but untestored teeth (group 2&4).

Background and Aim: Considering flexural strength of fiber-reinforced composites (FRC) and also the role of conservative cavities in protecting sound tissue of abutments, the aim of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of these bridges by handmade samples in vitro.Materials and Methods: In this experimental in vitro study, 44 sound newly extracted teeth were used to make 22 fixed inlay bridges including 11 three unit anterior upper inlay bridges substituting clinical model of upper central and 11 three unit posterior lower inlay bridges substituting clinical model of lower first molar.Specimens were prepared with FRC and mounted with artificial PDL in acryl. Cases were exposed to final load by using Universal Testing Machine (Instron 1195) with the speed of 1 mm/min. Statistical analysis was performed by Kolmogorov- Smirnov, independent sample T and Kaplan-Meier tests with p<0.05 as the level of significance.Results: Based on the statistical tests, the 95% confidence interval of mean was 450-562 N in anterior and 1473- 1761 N in posterior area. Fracture strength was high in the studied groups. Fractures in both groups occurred on composite facing, and the framework remained intact. The highest percentage of fracture in posterior teeth was in the middle of pontic towards the distal connector and in the anterior teeth in the lateral connector, between central pontic and lateral abutment. Using the independent sample T test a significant statistical difference was observed between two groups (P<0.001). The fracture resistance of anterior samples was lower than the posterior ones.Conclusion: Based on the results of this study regarding the high fracture resistance in both areas FRC inlay bridges could be recommended for upper anterior and lower posterior teeth in clinical dentistry certainly more studies are needed to ascertain this treatment option.

This study carried out to determine of chemical compositions and nutritive value of five species of range plants in Sistan including Oshnan (Seidlitzia rosmarinus), Rendouk (Salsola yazdiana Assadi), Siyah Shor (Suaeda fruticosa), Shoran (Salsola vermiculata) and Anabasis (Anabasis setifera) by in vitro and in situ techniques. Samples were collected by systematic and random sampling procedure in autumn according to standard methods. The samples were dried in shade and after milling, chemical compositions including dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ash (ASH), crude protein (CP), crude fat (EE), cell wall (NDF) and cell wall- hemicellulose free (ADF), dry matter degradability (in situ), cumulative gas production at 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, the organic matter digestibility (OMD) and metabolisable energy (ME) were determined. The results of this experiment showed that, there were significant differece in terms of chemical compositions of these samples (p<0.05). Crude protein, ADF and NDF contents were between 6.05 and 11.95%, 28.02 and 36.54% and 41.14 and 48.94% respectively. There was significant difference (p<0.01) between dry matter degradability, degradability parameters and effective degradability in different incubation times. The maximum potential degradability and effective degradability (k=0.02) was in Oshnan species. Also, the maximum cumulative gas volume at 96 hours was related to Rendouk. But, the gas production parameters (b, OMD, ME) in Oshnan species was higher than other species. The results showed that in these plants, Oshnan species has the highest nutritive value and also, there was a high positive correlation between in situ and in vitro experiments in these species and can use the gas production technique for assessing of nutritive value of these species.

The in situ formation and dispersion behavior of TiC particles in a liquid aluminum alloy have been investigated to develop the novel technique for fabrication of aluminum matrix composites utilizing the spontaneous reaction among materials. Fine TiC particles were in situ formed by the reaction between SiC or Al4C3 particles and an Al-Ti alloy. The effects of processing parameters, such as the kind and size of raw carbide on the in situ formation rate of TiC have been quantitatively estimated by means of ICP analysis. The experimental results were analyzed by the in situ reaction kinetic model based on the assumption that the overall reaction rate was controlled by both the interfacial reaction and the diffusion through the generated carbide particle. At the initial stage of the TiC formation, the interfacial reaction rate is the main controlling step. However, the process is gradually controlled by the diffusion from the middle stages onwards.      

Rumen degradability was determined for six wheat, three corn and three millet cultivars in six ruminally cannulated sheep. The sheep were fed a ration containing 55% alfalfa and 45% ground barley. All grains were incubated for 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h in dacron bags (50-llm pore size). The mean soluble and degradable portions, rate of degradation and effective degradability of dry matter ranged from 3.3 to 8.2%, 80.9 to 92.8%, 5.4 to 27.5% and 44;.8 to 74.2% for wheat, corn and millet, respectively. Corresponding values for crude protein of wheat corn and millet ranged from 5.7 to 9.6%, 4$.7 to 83%, 5.3 to 28.9% and 35.1 to 78.4%, respectively. It was concluded that grains varied widely in their ruminal degradability and this information may aid in synchronizing degradation of protein and starch in the rumen to improve lactation performance.